- Hieroglyphics, pictographs, and cuneiform used on clay tablets and papyrus scrolls
- Movable type created from carved wooden blocks
- Johannes Gutenberg invents movable metal type, revolutionizing printing
- Gutenberg's invention enables mass production of books
- Steam-powered printing presses increase efficiency
- Typesetting machines automate type production
- Transferring ink from a metal plate to rubber rollers and then paper
- Direct printing from computer files onto paper
- Additive manufacturing process that creates objects from 3D models